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Behavioral Health Case Management

The five factors that contribute to and manifest the oppressive life of people with psychiatric disabilities inhabit:


1.Mentalism-the tendency or compulsion to attribute and explain most of the behavior as a function of the illness


2.Poverty-government assistance, inadequate housing, limited recreational activities, education, relationships and employment


3.Fear-lack of confidence-self-efficacy, that symptoms will get worse if they try something that is out of their comfort zone


4.Professional practice-(Macroaggressions) use of chemical and physical restraints, forced in to police cars-(Microagressions)-low expectations and blame for failure


5. The structure of the mental health service system-entrapped niches


WHAT IS CASE MANAGEMENT? National Association of Case Management Case management and service coordination are professional practices in which the service recipient is  a partner, to the greatest extent possible, in assessing needs, defining desired outcomes, obtaining services, treatments and supports, and in preventing and managing crisis. The focus of the partnership is a process that assists the person to achieve the greatest possible degree of self-management of disability and/or life challenges. The individual/family and the practitioner plan, coordinate, monitor, adjust, and advocate for services and supports directed toward the achievement of individualized, personal goals for community living.

National Association of Case Management


–Engaging in a hopeful relationship with the person/family served


–Assessment of strengths and needs


–Developing in partnership with the person/family a service plan to achieve desired outcomes


WHAT IS CASE MANAGEMENT?


•Locating, linking and following up with needed services and supports


•Monitoring, Coordinating and adjusting services and supports to achieve desired outcomes


•Crisis prevention and intervention


•Advocacy for the person/family

The strengths model posits that ALL people have goals, talents & confidence and ALL environments contain resources, people & opportunities. The strengths model is about providing a new

perception.This model allows professionals & the individual to see possibilities rather than problems, options

rather than constraints, wellness rather than sickness so the individuals they provide services to can set goals that are relevant to their life and reach outcomes that are achievement and growth oriented.

Although it was not intentional, deficit orientations toward the individuals & environments have created barriers and labeling and blaming the victim are part of the socialprocesses may have caused individuals with psychiatric disabilities to:


internalize negative images thrust on them and/or


•lose their identity as people and only view themselves as their diagnosis


•Remain separate & excluded from the community i.e. segregate housing; sheltered employment and recreational activities with their service providers and other recipients of services

ENTRAPPING NICHE


•Highly stigmatized


•Restricted/limited social world more comfortable with “their own kind”


•Define themselves by their illness & have few incentives to set & work towards goals


•Unrealistic perception & interpretation of abilities-limited opportunities to learn skills-few expectations for personal growth


•Sparse economic resources may lead them to seek reinstitutionalization.

ENABLING NICHE


•Not stigmatized or treated as outcasts•More access to others outside “their own kind”


•Able to view themselves outside their illness & have many incentives to set & work towards goals


•Realistic perception & interpretation of abilities-many opportunities to learn skills-high expectations for personal growth


•Adequate economic resources-strong motive to avoid institutionalization

Individual Strength: Aspirations

For many individuals with psychiatric disabilities, they have had a life marked with distress, pain, disappointment, failure and overwhelming messages of what they can’t do.


They have lost their dreams or have diminished them to modest levels.


The strengths model is more concerned with achievement than with solving problems; with thriving more than just surviving, with dreaming and hoping rather than just coping, and with triumph instead of just trauma.

Individual Strength: Competencies

Competencies include skills, abilities, aptitudes, proficiencies, knowledge faculties and talents.


•Continuing growth occurs through recognition and development of strengths.


•For many individuals with psychiatric disabilities, their talents and abilities go unrecognized by themselves, family, acquaintances and professionals.


•One strength of all individuals is their ability to determine what is best for them.

Individual Strength: Confidence

The concept of confidence is related to power, influence, belief in one’s self and self efficacy.


There are two levels of confidence:


            1.the perceived ability of one's self to achieve a task; and


            2.a generalized sense of oneself that each person brings to different situations. Some individuals are more confident than others when approaching a task whereas others perceive themselves as being inept. This level has some similarity to “learned helplessness.”

Environmental Strengths

Resources-Having access to environmental and personal resources outside of the behavioral health service system helps individuals achieve their goals.


Social relations-A meaningful relationship with at least one person can provide many benefits such as companionship, emotional support, caring, partnership, recreation, socialization and the opportunity to give and share.


Opportunities-Access to opportunities in the community that are naturally occurring and relevant to their goals.

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